Gangways provide the vital link between ship and shore. Proper rigging, inspection, and security procedures prevent falls, injuries, and unauthorized access. This guide covers key rules, hazards, and practical steps every deck officer and crew member must know.

Legal Requirements

Ships built or fitted with new accommodation ladders after January 1, 2010, must follow IMO MSC.1/Circ.1331 guidelines alongside SOLAS II-1/3-9. The ladder must reach within 600 mm of the waterline at its steepest angle, even when the vessel is light. Direct deck access with full handrails is mandatory. Safety nets are required when the gangway extends over water.

Clear Markings

Every gangway must display maximum and minimum angles, design load, and safe working load on both sides. Include the maximum number of persons allowed at once. If operational load differs from design load, mark it clearly. Crew must read and respect these limits.

Rigging and Operations

Coordinate with port authorities before rigging. Use safety harnesses with gangway wires or inertia reels during. Keep the safety line slightly taut to reduce fall impact. For ship-to-ship transfers, never rest the gangway on bulwarks unless certified for the load.

Keep a lifebuoy with light and line ready at the access point. When pier obstacles block direct contact, use approved extensions only after risk assessment and master approval. Some cases need class society sign-off.

Security and ISPS Compliance

The gangway is the main control point under the Ship Security Plan. Lock all other access routes. Station trained watchkeepers 24/7. Check photo ID against the visitor list. Log every person boarding and leaving. Conduct regular headcounts.

At night, ensure bright lighting covers the full approach. Raise the gangway during low tide if port rules allow. High-risk ports may need shore guards. Follow IMO FAL.13(42) for full stowaway prevention.

Common Hazards

1. Loose or missing handrails
2. Slippery steps from rain or oil
3. Poor lighting
4. Unsecured or wrongly placed safety nets
5. Sudden gangway movement from swell or cargo work
6. Overloading

Daily Safety Checklist

1. Inspect structure, welds, and aluminum-steel joints for corrosion. Replace missing insulation gaskets.
2. Verify handrails are firm and complete.
3. Confirm angle stays below 30 degrees and marked limit.
4. Test non-slip surface and clean debris.
5. Check safety net is taut and covers the full drop.
6. Illuminate the entire length at night.
7. Position lifebuoy within arm’s reach.
8. Brief gangway watch on ID checks and log procedures.
9. Record inspection in the planned maintenance system.

Crew Actions

1. Wear safety harness and lifejacket while rigging.
2. Use both hands when climbing; carry tools in a shoulder bag.
3. Walk in the center; never run.
4. Report defects instantly to the officer on watch.
5. Escort visitors at all times.

Safe Gangway Operations: Essential Guide for Seafarers

Discuss landing area with the terminal before arrival. Confirm space for tide and surge movement. Approve any temporary steps or bridges. Update the risk assessment in the SMS. Ensure watchkeepers rotate to stay alert.

Source: maritimecyprus.com