Navigating in fog presents unique challenges for mariners, requiring heightened situational awareness and strict adherence to safety protocols. A real-life incident involving a near-collision between a passenger vessel and a commuter boat in a restricted waterway highlights critical lessons for safe navigation in low-visibility conditions. This article examines the incident and the key takeaways for maritime professionals.

Incident Overview

In dense fog, an outbound passenger vessel was traveling at 15 knots in a narrow waterway. The bridge team observed an inbound commuter boat on radar, appearing to veer to its port side. Assuming a starboard-to-starboard passing, the passenger vessel adjusted slightly to port to create more space. However, no communication was established with the commuter boat to confirm this maneuver.

Meanwhile, the commuter boat, carrying 10 passengers, faced mechanical issues. The Master was dealing with a persistent alarm from the starboard engine and accidentally triggered an emergency stop while attempting to silence it. Distracted by phone calls with technical support and efforts to restart the engine with the deckhand, the Master manually steered the vessel at 13 knots using only the port engine. Unnoticed, the boat drifted to the opposite side of the fairway.

After restarting the starboard engine, the commuter boat’s crew suddenly noticed the passenger vessel emerging from the fog directly ahead. The Master applied full power and turned sharply to starboard. Simultaneously, the passenger vessel’s bridge team saw the commuter boat’s abrupt maneuver and also turned to starboard. The vessels narrowly avoided collision, passing just 10 meters apart.

Key Lessons for Mariners

Prioritize Safety Over Speed

The commuter boat’s Master was overwhelmed by multiple tasks, including troubleshooting the engine, communicating with technical support, and manually steering in fog. This incident underscores the importance of prioritizing navigational safety over maintaining speed. Continuing at 13 knots in low visibility while distracted by technical issues increased the risk of collision.

Maintain Full Focus When Steering Manually

Manual steering in fog demands undivided attention. The commuter boat’s Master was juggling engine repairs and phone calls, which led to an unnoticed drift across the fairway. Mariners must dedicate their focus to navigation in such conditions, delegating secondary tasks to other crew members when possible.

Adjust Speed for Conditions

Operating at 13 knots in thick fog within a restricted waterway was excessive, especially while handling mechanical issues and meeting other vessels. Mariners should reduce speed to match visibility, traffic, and operational circumstances, allowing more time to react to potential hazards.

Verify Assumptions with Communication

The passenger vessel assumed a starboard-to-starboard passing without confirming with the commuter boat. In restricted waterways and low visibility, such assumptions are risky. Establishing communication via VHF radio or other means is essential to coordinate safe passing arrangements.

Enhance Situational Awareness

Both vessels relied on radar but failed to fully assess the situation. The commuter boat’s crew did not notice their drift, and the passenger vessel did not anticipate the commuter boat’s position. Regular monitoring of radar, AIS, and other navigational aids, combined with proactive communication, can prevent such close calls.

Practical Applications for Training

This incident serves as a valuable case study for maritime training programs. It highlights the need for:

1. Simulation Training: Practice navigating in low-visibility conditions using simulators to develop skills in radar interpretation and manual steering.
2. Crew Resource Management: Train crews to delegate tasks effectively, ensuring the Master can focus on navigation during critical situations.
3. Communication Protocols: Emphasize the importance of VHF communication to confirm passing arrangements, especially in restricted waterways.
4. Speed Management: Reinforce guidelines for adjusting speed based on visibility, traffic, and vessel condition.

By incorporating these lessons into training, mariners can better prepare for the challenges of navigating in fog and other adverse conditions, reducing the risk of collisions and enhancing safety at sea.

Based on an article from Marine Insight.